Indexing data in DBMS Indexing in the database can be similar to an index in front of a book that shows the title and its page number, DB stores these in B-Tree or LSM Tree structures to search through them as fast as possible. Indexing improves the data lookup speed but not always. An index is the fastest when it requires lesser random disk access. We know that the data is stored on disk and therefore, Fragmentation of data is more important in performance....
Database data storage on disk Database persists information on disk in different forms like flat files, ISAM, heap files etc.. Depending on the Database Engine. In a common scenario, we store some information typed into a text editor by clicking save and choosing a location. Similarly, database saves our data into a configured location, mostly in a bit complicated structure than a text file. Database engines will structure the data and files in different ways to be able to retrieve them faster....
Managing tasks Managing something can primarily involve Analysis and Decision making, mostly for getting things done for achieving something. Everyone derives their own steps to reach goals, There are no fixed steps to achieve something. Good management will help us get things done with minimal effort or cost. In simple terms, good management is to find the shortest and precise answer to the question. How can I do this task?...
Learning something new Learning is a process that improves ourselves in something, we learn to use the knowledge to achieve something. The achievement can be productive or non-productive… We learn programming to be able to make software We learn trends and meme formats in social media to entertain ourselves and keep up with the society We learn the sport to be good at the game probably entertainment. Learning something new can always be difficult especially for people with procrastination habits, but everyone can achieve things by following some steps....
Authentication in Software Systems As we know that, the concept of Authentication is simply identifying an entity (user). So, in a software system how do we manage the process? There are mainly two strategies and their combination when it comes to authentication Username and Password (Knowledge-based strategy) Passwordless (OTP, Login URL) (Possession-based strategy) Multi-factor (Combination of both, has to provide a password and also OTP) Authentication can be simplified into 4 parts...
Authentication and Authorization Authentication and Authorization is the identification and access control of a user within a service. It is a way to provide security and privacy to users. 1. Authentication Authentication is the process of validating or identifying a user. Example: We keep an ID card to identify ourself as member of a company and as proof, A security will identify us using that ID card (this identification process is authentication)....
ACID Properties in DBMS The concept of transaction enables the correctness of data in a database, it is achieved by maintaining ACID properties. 1. Atomicity Atomicity is the assurance of DBMS that a transaction will always be either done or not done. Duh… But wait, there are situations where the transactions won’t reach the COMMIT / ROLLBACK, Database program crashes Your OS crashes Computer got restarted etc… In these conditions, the Database ensures that the existing data is not at all affected....
Transaction in RDBMS Transaction can be defined as a smallest unit of work. In simple words, A single task or operation with one or multiple steps. It can be considered as one of the core concepts in DBMS (A unit of work is generally important to understand in all systems) Let’s see some transactions in our Magic Library A reader asks for a book: The librarian finds the book and gives it to the reader....
Introduction to DBMS DBMS: A DataBase Management System is simply a program that stores data into a storage space. It knows how to sort and filter the data with various parameters and often does some processing with data. It can also organise the data in an optimal structure such that its faster to sort and filter them. DBMS or RDBMS ? DBMS is generally a management program for data. RDBMS is a DBMS that organize data based on tables, data is organized as rows and columns inside a table structure....